TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — President Donald Trump’s refusal to certify the Iran nuclear deal has sparked a new war of words between the Islamic Republic and America, fueling growing mistrust and a sense of nationalism among Iranians.

The speech has also served to unite Iranians across the political spectrum — from Trump’s declining to call the Persian Gulf, the waterway through which a third of all oil traded by sea passes, by its name, to undercutting those trying to change Iran’s clerically overseen government from within.

That is also likely to strengthen the hand of hard-liners within Iran, who long have insisted that the United States remains the same ‘‘Great Satan’’ denounced in the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

‘‘Under the deal, it was supposed to be that we get concessions, not that we give more concessions,’’ the hard-line Kayhan newspaper raged.

Iranian officials and media outlets on Saturday uniformly condemned Trump’s comments that angrily accused Iran of violating the spirit of the 2015 accord and demanded Congress toughen the law governing U.S. participation. Trump said he was not ready to pull out of the deal but warned he would do so if it were not improved.

In a televised speech shortly after Trump made his announcement, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said his country would remain in the deal, but criticized Trump’s words, referring to them as ‘‘cursing and futile accusations.’’

Rouhani also said Iran would continue to build and test ballistic missiles, something allowed under the nuclear deal though Americans believe it violates the accord’s spirit.

‘‘We have always been determined and today we are more determined,’’ Rouhani said. ‘‘We will double our efforts from now on.’’

The Iranian president also offered a list of moments that showed the United States could not be trusted by the average Iranian, dating back to the 1953 CIA-backed coup that cemented U.S.-backed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s power.

Like many others in Iran, Rouhani focused on the fact that Trump used the term ‘‘Arabian Gulf’’ to refer to the Persian Gulf. Some traded online video clips of past American presidents calling it the Persian Gulf, while one semi-official news agency published a photo gallery with the title ‘‘Persian Gulf forever.’’

Posts with the hashtag PersianGulf and the Iranian flag circulated on social media.

The name of the body of water has become an emotive issue for Iranians who embrace their country’s long history as the Persian Empire, especially as U.S. Gulf Arab allies and the American military now call it the ‘‘Arabian Gulf.’’ Rouhani even suggested during his speech that Trump needed to ‘‘study geography.’’

‘‘Everyone knew Trump’s friendship was for sale to the highest bidder. We now know that his geography is too,’’ Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif wrote on Twitter.

Zarif went on, with sarcasm, to mention Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, all hereditarily ruled Gulf nations, saying: ‘‘No wonder supporters of Trump’s inane Iran speech are those bastions of democracy in the Persian Gulf.’’

Iran’s Education Minister Mohammad Bathai also suggested in a tweet that American teachers allocate more time toward teaching ‘‘history and geography’’ — another dig at Trump.

Reformist activist Mostafa Tajzadeh, who spent seven years in prison following the turmoil of the 2009 disputed re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, also urged for a united stance against Trump.

‘‘One nation, one message: No to #Trump . We’re all in this together,’’ Tajzadeh tweeted.

Recent surveys have shown an increasing majority of Iranians are skeptical that the U.S. will live up to its obligations in the nuclear deal. Meanwhile, most have yet to see the benefits of the deal itself as Iran’s economy still struggles to overcome rampant inflation, few jobs and bad loans to its banks.

‘‘Iran has in no way violated the nuclear deal, and as far as we know it has always remained committed to its promises, but it has always been (the Americans) who have broken their promises and have had other options on the table,’’ Tehran resident Hamed Ghassemi said.

The U.S. has also levied new sanctions against Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard, whose forces fight the Islamic State group in Iraq, support embattled Syrian President Bashar Assad, have tense encounters with U.S. warships in the Persian Gulf and run the country’s ballistic missile program.

However, the U.S. has balked at adding the Guard’s name to a formal State Department list of foreign terrorist organizations. That could have proven problematic, especially with the Guard’s vast economic holdings across Iran.

Gen. Masoud Jazayeri, a Guard commander and spokesman for Iran’s joint armed forces staff, said late on Friday that the country’s military will continue boosting its power and influence.

‘‘We tell the corrupt and evil government of the U.S. that we will continue promoting defensive power of the country, more determined and with more motive than before,’’ Jazayeri was quoted as saying by the Guard’s news website. ‘‘We do not spare a while for defending suppressed people in any point of the world.’’

Gambrell reported from Dubai, United Arab Emirates.