Obamacare Secret: If You Quit Your Job, You Have a Plan and Keep Wages
Today is the last day for open enrollment at HealthCare.gov, and it looks like the administration will end up close to their initial target of signing up 7 million people, despite the difficulties with the website. This is good news: millions of Americans are getting coverage through the exchanges; millions more are getting insurance through the expansion of Medicaid.
But expanding health insurance to the uninsured was never the big story. The most important benefit of Obamacare is the security it provides to the tens of millions of people who already had insurance – except that insurance, before the Affordable Care Act, was only as safe as their job.
This new security, which also extends to those who cut back their working hours, will only become more important as knowledge of the law and the exchanges increases over the course of the year. It could also mean those who keep their jobs could make more money as a result of Obamacare.
This underreported advantage of the health laws was the basis for the projection in last month's widely cited report from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) that the amount of labor supplied would fall by 2%. Based on a large body of evidence, CBO concluded that many people would opt to not work at all – or work less – if they didn't need to work a full-time job to get health insurance.
For example, parents of young children may choose to take time off work to be with their kids. Or they may just work part-time until their kids grow up. There are many older workers, especially those in bad health, who may make similar decisions. Before Obamacare, people with medical conditions would find the cost of insurance unaffordable. Now they will be able to pay the same rate as everyone else, and moderate income people will qualify for subsidies.
Here's the story you haven't heard enough: when more people opt to work less, wages are likely to rise. It's simple supply and demand – a reduction in the supply of labor will probably lead to an increase in its price. The CBO report projected an increase in average hourly compensation of roughly 1% when the full labor market effects are felt.
And there is reason to believe that the gains could be even bigger. Here at the Center for Economic and Policy Research, we released an analysis just after the CBO report, looking at a cutback of eligibility for Tennessee's Medicaid program in 2005 – essentially Obamacare in reverse. This appears to have led to a substantial decline in the wages of non-college educated workers in Tennessee. If that's the case, then a lot of workers can expect to see some wage increase as the effects of Obamacare are felt more broadly across the labor market.
Indeed, if Obamacare has that predicted effect on the labor market, we'll be able to see it happening in the months ahead.
Signal No 1: quit rate up = looking for a job without worrying about getting hit by a bus
First of all, we should see a rise in the quit rate – or the percentage of people who voluntarily leave their jobs. In fact, there has already been some increase in the quit rate in recent months, though some economists have claimed this is due to an overly tight labor market.
The more plausible explanation is that access to health insuranceoutside of employment has made people more comfortable about leaving their job ... without having a new job that includes health insurance all lined up.
Signal No 2: part-time by choice = part-time with insurance
We should also expect to see a rise in voluntary part-time employment. These are people who work less than a full-time 35 hours a week because they want to – and because they can. Voluntary part-time employment is running above levels from a year ago, but the numbers are too erratic to make much of a few months' worth of data.
Signal No 3: fewer old people working = people retiring with insurance
Look out for a decline in the labor force participation rate of older workers, people between the ages of 55 and 64, as more people retire early now that they can get insurance through the exchanges. There is also some evidence that employment growth among this group, which had been very strong the last four years, has been weakening in recent months, but we'll need more data.
Signal No 4: more self-employment = new small businesses
Oh, and one more thing: expect the number of self-employed workers to rise. This is another important benefit of Obamacare – and a decidedly good thing: people who wanted to start their own businesses but were worried about the prospect of being stranded without insurance – or having family members stranded without insurance – will now have the option of buying insurance on the exchanges.
Again, it's too early to say much from the data we have, but the early impacts of Obamacare are getting clearer as it passes the signup milestone: not just more people with insurance than had it before – more people looking for better work, more people able to spend time with family, more people retiring when they want and, yes, maybe even some job creation.