Portside Date: February 18, 2016

Author: Dean Baker; Doug Henwood

Date of source: February 17, 2016

NYT Invents Left-Leaning Economists to Attack Bernie Sanders 

By Dean Baker

February 16, 2016

Beat the Press - Center for Economic and Policy Research

A NYT piece headlined "left-leaning economists question cost of Bernie Sanders' plans" may have misled readers about the extent of skepticism among economists who consider themselves left-leaning. I can say this as a card-carrying left-leaning economist who often talks to other card-carrying left-leaning economists.

While there are undoubtedly many left of center economists who have serious objections to the proposals Sanders has put forward, there are also many who have publicly indicated support for them. Remarkably, none of those economists were referenced in this article. In fact, to make its case on left of center economists' views, the NYT even presented the comments of Ezra Klein, who is neither an economist nor a liberal, by his own identification.

It also misrepresented the comments of Jared Bernstein (a personal friend), implying that they were criticisms of Sanders' program. In fact his comments were addressed to the analysis of Sanders' proposals by Gerald Friedman, an economist at the University of Massachusetts who is not affiliated with the Sanders campaign.

It also presented the comments of Brookings economist Henry Aaron about the views expressed by "other economists in a `lefty chat group' he joins online." This would seem to violate the NYT's usual policy on anonymous sources.

Sanders has a very ambitious agenda covering everything from universal Medicare, reforming the financial sector, paid sick days and vacation, free college, and universal childcare. If an economist, left-leaning or otherwise, can't find some grounds for skepticism on any of these proposals they should probably be in a different line of work.

These are all big ideas, each of which will face enormous political opposition even if Bernie Sanders were in the White House. Sanders has not given a fully worked out proposal in any of these areas, nor is it reasonable to expect a fully worked out proposal from a candidate for the presidency. His campaign platform outlines general approaches. In the event Sanders got to the White House, it would be necessary to draft fully worked out legislative language which would almost certainly amount to hundreds of pages, and quite possibly thousands of pages, in each area. In addition, whatever he initially put on the table would have to be haggled over with Congress, even assuming that he had a much more sympathetic group than the current crew.

While it is nice that the NYT is subjecting Sanders' views to serious scrutiny, it would be good if it also subjected the views of other candidates to the same scrutiny. For example, Secretary Clinton has indicated a desire to give more opportunity to African Americans and Hispanics, yet she has not commented on the decision by the Federal Reserve Board to raise interest rates at the end of last year. This rate hike was intended to be the first of a sequence of rate hikes.

The purpose of raising interest rates is to slow the economy and the rate of job creation, ostensibly to prevent inflation. The people who will be disproportionately hurt by slower job growth and high unemployment are African American and Hispanic. NYT readers would likely be interested in knowing how Secretary Clinton can reconcile her commitment to helping African Americans and Hispanics with her apparent lack of concern over the Fed's decision to raise interest rates and deny them jobs.

Whatever standard of scrutiny the NYT chooses to apply to presidential candidates it should apply them equally. It is not good reporting to apply one standard to Senator Sanders, and even inventing credentials to press its points, and then apply lesser standards to the other candidates.

[Dean Baker co-founded CEPR in 1999. His areas of research include housing and macroeconomics, intellectual property, Social Security, Medicare and European labor markets. He is the author of several books, including Getting Back to Full Employment: A Better bargain for Working People, The End of Loser Liberalism: Making Markets Progressive, The United States Since 1980, Social Security: The Phony Crisis (with Mark Weisbrot), and The Conservative Nanny State: How the Wealthy Use the Government to Stay Rich and Get Richer. His blog, Beat the Press, provides commentary on economic reporting. He received his B.A. from Swarthmore College and his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Michigan.]

NYT Rounds Up `Left-Leaning Economists' for a Unicorn Hunt

By Doug Henwood

February 17, 2016

FAIR - Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting

With Hillary Clinton ramping up her attacks on Bernie Sanders as a budget-buster-in the February 11 debate, she claimed  his proposals would increase the size of government by 40 percent-the New York Times (2/15/16) offered a well-timed intervention in support of her efforts: "Left-Leaning Economists Question Cost of Bernie Sanders' Plans."

While the "left-leaning" is no doubt meant to suggest critiques from those who would be inclined to sympathize with Sanders, all the quoted economists have ties to the Democratic establishment. So slight is their leftward lean that it would require very sensitive equipment to measure.

Opinion pieces critical of Sanders often begin with a pledge of allegiance to his "impracticality." This story, by Times reporter Jackie Calmes, is an "objective," newsy version of that:

Though Sanders wants to increase federal spending on infrastructure, college tuition and childcare, as well as other programs, the bulk of his proposed increase would be for establishing a single-payer healthcare system, and that's what Calmes' piece focuses on. It would replace the current mix of multiple forms of public insurance (Medicare, Medicaid, state and local programs) and private insurance with a unitary federal system, much like what Canada has. It would not nationalize doctors and hospitals, as in Britain; only the payment side would be socialized. Sanders refers to it as Medicare for All, which is a simplification, but close enough for politics.

The liberal-leaning economists that Calmes rounds up suggest that Clinton may have been too modest in her accusation that Sanders wants to jack up the size of government by 40 percent. No, Calmes warns that "the increase could exceed 50 percent, some experts suggest, based on an analysis by a respected health economist that Mr. Sanders' single-payer health plan could cost twice what the senator.asserts."

As if that wasn't scary enough, Calmes turns to mockery: "Alluding to one progressive analyst's criticism of the Sanders agenda as `puppies and rainbows,' Mr. Goolsbee said that after his and others' further study, `they've evolved into magic flying puppies with winning Lotto tickets tied to their collars.'"

The theme of magic was further developed in a piece by New York Times op-ed columnist Paul Krugman, "My Magic Unicorn" (2/16/16), in which the word "unicorn" appears six times (not counting the headline). Krugman's column, which denounces Sanders' proposals as hopelessly unrealistic, refers to Calmes' news story for support, a news story that itself reads like an op-ed in disguise.

The "Mr. Goolsbee" quoted in the story is Austan Goolsbee, who was a long-time adviser to Barack Obama before he became president, and then served on Obama's Council of Economic Advisers. (During the 2008 campaign, Goolsbee was reported as having assured the Canadian government that Obama's anti-NAFTA talk was "more reflective of political maneuvering than policy" - New York Times, 3/4/08.) Now Goolsbee teaches economics at the University of Chicago's business school and is a consultant to hedge funds. A very left-leaning resume there.

And the "progressive analyst" who came up with the "puppies and rainbows" line is Ezra Klein, who in mid-January wrote a harshly disparaging piece, "Bernie Sanders's Single-Payer Plan Isn't a Plan at All," on the website he co-founded, Vox (1/17/16). How times change: As long-time FAIR contributor Seth Ackerman showed in an incisive analysis (Jacobin, 1/25/16), Klein was once a strong proponent of a single-payer scheme.

In a 2007 piece for the American Prospect (4/22/07), Klein explored what he called "the best healthcare systems in the world," including Canada's, looking for lessons for the US. (Krugman liked the piece enough to put it on a 2012 syllabus for a Princeton class on the welfare state.) Klein's conclusion, expressed in his opening sentence, was that while medicine is hard, health insurance is simple: We should emulate these other systems that achieve both universal coverage and cost control, like those of Canada, France, Germany and the UK. Though he now holds Sanders' advocacy of single-payer in disdain, Klein specifically praised Canada's single-payer system, citing a 2003 paper by Steffie Wooldhandler, Terry Campbell and David Himmelstein in the New England Journal of Medicine (8/21/03) that found that administrative costs were over three times as high in the US than in Canada, mainly because of the inefficiencies of private health insurance. Eliminate private insurance and you enjoy hundreds of billions in savings.

The "respected" health care economist-it's funny how journalists stick that handle in front of some names and not others-that Calmes cites is Kenneth Thorpe of Emory University, who, as she discloses, "advised the Clintons in the 1990s." Indeed he did; he served in Bill's cabinet where, according to his Emory faculty bio, he "coordinated all financial estimates and program impacts of President Clinton's healthcare reform proposals for the White House."

Sanders has proposed paying for his single-payer health insurance program mainly by raising taxes on the rich and imposing a 6.2 percent payroll tax on employers and a 2.2 percent income tax on households (while fully exempting lower-income households and partly exempting middle-income ones from the tax). Those tax increases would replace current spending on private insurance, so it would be very wrong to call them new spending.

Thorpe's paper argues that Sanders underestimates the cost of his single-payer health insurance scheme by close to half. More realistic assumptions would require substantial tax increases across the board and result in lower wages for the presently uninsured as employers compensate for the new payroll tax. Frightening, if true, and Calmes and her headline writer frame the article to persuade us that it is.

Woolhandler and Himmelstein, authors of the 2003 article on administrative costs that Ezra Klein used to like, are not persuaded by Thorpe. In a Huffington Post piece (1/29/16), they find his estimates of administrative savings from a shift to a single-payer system too low and his assumptions of an increase in demand for healthcare too high. He ignores the cost of tax breaks that would disappear under single-payer and assumes no savings on drugs and medical devices, despite the government's strong bargaining position as the exclusive purchaser. (Calmes alludes to their critique in the piece with a single sentence: "Mr. Thorpe and Sanders aides and allies have been battling online." The words "battling online" link to the Woolhandler/Himmelstein piece; a print reader would be totally in the dark.)

As Woolhandler and Himmelstein point out, in earlier studies - one done for the state of Missouri, and another for the National Coalition on Health Care - Thorpe projected large savings from single-payer reform. Now this former Clinton adviser finds the opposite.

There's a political angle to Calmes' piece as well, which she uses longtime Democratic economist Henry Aaron to deliver. (Aaron is a fellow at the Brookings Institution, a think tank that a congressional staffer once described to me as "a graveyard for conservative Democrats.") Aaron calls the idea of single-payer a "fairy tale" in the current political climate. Citing the testimony of "other economists in a `lefty chat group' he joins online," Aaron believes that were Sanders elected, he'd destroy his political capital by fighting such a doomed fight.

I'm familiar with this line of argument from a liberal chat group I used to hang out with online (it takes its off-the-record secrecy with great seriousness)-it may be the same one, but I can't tell for sure. It goes like this: The right so dominates the present scene that one can do nothing but play defense, hoping to salvage what remains of social spending but never daring to ask for more. Political capital, in this account, can only dwindle when put to work; unlike other forms of capital, it never pays returns. The right never thought that way when it was plotting its ascendancy from the 1950s through the 1970s.

Calmes gave the last word to Thorpe, who concludes from a failed attempt to bring single-payer to Vermont that it would be unworkable on a national scale. Vermont's plan wasn't really single-payer; providers would still have had to contend with multiple payers, thereby limiting administrative savings, and the state would have little bargaining power with drug and device manufacturers. The experience of a small state in a big country is hardly conclusive.

What might be more persuasive is the experience of our northern neighbor, a country very much like ours. Canada covers almost all its population at a cost of 10.2 percent of GDP. Even after Obamacare, about a tenth of the US population is uninsured, but that incomplete coverage costs us 16.4 percent of GDP.

Britain's system costs 8.9 percent of GDP, a little over half what we pay. Both countries have longer life expectancies than we do. But we should be afraid of the unicorns.

[Doug Henwood is the author of My Turn: Hillary Clinton Targets the Presidency.]

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