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A new study is “a bit of a counterweight to the endless hyperbole about how incredibly complex and powerful the human brain is,” one researcher said.

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It is common for scientific studies to produce apparently conflicting results, but the benefits of physical activity on a wide range of physical and mental health outcomes remain undeniable.

Scientists have discovered a mutation that increases the production of brain cells and seems to have set our ancestors apart from other hominins.

Molecular anthropologist Christina Warinner, graduate student James Fellows Yates, and a large international team looked at the oral bacteria stuck to the teeth of Neanderthals and preagriculture modern humans that lived more than 10,000 years ago.

Brain sex differences are tiny and swamped by the much greater variance in individuals’ brain measures across the population. And the same is true for most behavioral measures.

Some kinds of storytelling may be "too cold" for children, while others are "too hot." And, of course, some are "just right."

Before developing perceptual constancy, three- to four-month-old babies have a striking ability to see image differences that are invisible to adults. They lose this superior skill around the age of five months

Fossils established the Brain Boom as fact. But they tell us next to nothing about how and why the human brain grew so large so quickly. In the last eight years, however, scientists have started to answer the “how” of human brain expansion — that is, the question of how the supersizing happened on a cellular level and how human physiology reconfigured itself to accommodate a dramatically enlarged and energy-guzzling brain.