El Jefe, one of at least seven jaguars documented north of the border since 1996, became a powerful symbol for environmentalists, Native tribes, and others who vehemently oppose both mining and border wall construction in remote areas.
An archaeologist traces the current protests in Peru to exploitive labor policies enacted in silver mines during Spanish colonial rule from 1532 to 1800.
With this summer’s strike, the country’s powerful Indigenous movement united two agendas long in tension: resistance to austerity and opposition to natural resource extraction.
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