- Chelsea Manning Breaks Silence to Criticize Obama's ISIS Strategy - Ed Pilkington (The Guardian)
- Another Western War Won't End Terror in Iraq or Syria. It Will Only Spread It - Seumas Milne (The Guardian)
Chelsea Manning Breaks Silence to Criticize Obama's ISIS Strategy
Intelligence analyst arrested for passing cache of documents to WikiLeaks writes personal view on how best to defeat ISIS
By Ed Pilkington
September 16, 2014
The Guardian (UK)
Chelsea Manning, the US army soldier who worked as an intelligence analyst in Iraq before being arrested for passing state secrets to WikiLeaks, says the only way to defeat Isis is to allow the group to set up its own contained "failed `state'" where over time its fire would "die out on its own".
Writing in the Guardian, Manning says her experience as an all-source analyst near Baghdad in 2009-10 leads her to doubt the strategy being followed by the Obama administration. She warns that the US-led mission to destroy the extremist group is destined to fail because it will merely feed a "cycle of outrage, recruitment, organizing and even more fighting that goes back decades".
Even with the support of non-western forces, attacking Isis directly from the air or with special forces on the ground risks mission creep and the repeat of past errors. "I believe that Isis strategically feeds off the mistakes and vulnerabilities of the very democratic western states they decry," she writes.
Presenting a radical alternative blueprint for how to deal with the extremist group, Manning argues that the best way to degrade Isis is to allow it to set up a failed "state" within a clearly demarcated territory. There, Isis would gradually become unpopular and unable to govern, she predicts, and the ideology of its leadership would be discredited in the region, potentially forever.
"Eventually, if they are properly contained, I believe that Isis will not be able to sustain itself on rapid growth alone, and will begin to fracture internally. The organization will begin to disintegrate into several smaller, uncoordinated entities - ultimately failing in their objective of creating a strong state."
Manning was posted to Forward Operating Base Hummer outside Baghdad where as an intelligence analyst she had a ring-side seat on the largely Sunni insurgency, poring through classified databases to track the movements and tactics of groups including Isis. She was arrested in May 2010 and is now serving a 35-year sentence for leaking vast quantities of secret official documents and military videos to the open-information website WikiLeaks.
Manning wrote the Guardian article in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where she is in military custody. An appeal against her sentence is expected to be heard by the US army court of criminal appeals next year.
As the global coalition of more than 30 countries takes shape around the search for a military response to Isis, Manning's proposals point in a strikingly different direction. Western countries, she says, should show sufficient discipline to let the barbarity and brutality of the group's attacks - including recent beheadings of two Americans and a Briton - work against them.
Instead of "bombs and bullets", the US and its allies should seek to weaken the jihadi threat through a combination of containment and propaganda, she says. They should staunch the flow of money to the extremists by halting ransom payments for hostages and cutting off oil revenues from Bayji in Iraq.
She also says US and its allies should try to reduce the numbers of young people joining the Isis camp from western countries by countering the narrative put out by the group in its recruitment videos.
Another Western War Won't End Terror in Iraq or Syria. It Will Only Spread It
Bombing and more intervention can't destroy Isis. The US is at the heart of the crisis in the Middle East
By Seumas Milne
September 17, 2014
The Guardian (UK)
Barely a month into the latest American bombing campaign in Iraq, and they're already talking escalation. Last week Barack Obama promised that his plans to destroy the so-called Islamic State (Isis) would "not involve American combat troops". This week General Dempsey, the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, said that's exactly what he would be "recommending" if air power didn't work.
If "work" means destroy Isis's grip on western Iraq and eastern Syria, it won't. So expect the new war that Chuck Hagel, the US defence secretary, says will last several years to ramp up in the months ahead. Yesterday Obama stuck to his formula. But there are already 1,600 US military "advisers" on the ground. Special forces will no doubt be back in serious numbers before long.
The final cue was given by the repulsive video beheading of US and British journalists and aid workers by the sectarian fundamentalist group. Their Isis executioner declared that the atrocities were in retaliation for 160-odd American air attacks since early August, and Britain's arming of their Kurdish opponents.
Forget the sobering fact that the western-backed Saudi regime has beheaded dozens in public in recent months, including for "sorcery", or that British troops infamously had themselves photographed with the severed heads of guerrillas during the Malayan war in the 1950s.
Such calculated acts of gruesome cyberterror softened up the US public for the renewed bout of western warmaking in the Middle East they have until now resisted - which appears to have been exactly Isis's aim. Now the US president has bowed to relentless pressure to go back to war in Iraq - the country he was elected to withdraw from. Of course, it's supposed to be different this time: "surgical strikes" and covert forces in support of Iraqi and Kurdish troops instead of invasion and occupation.
But Isis's main base is in Syria, not Iraq. So Obama is also gearing up for an illegal bombing campaign in Syria and the training of an extra 5,000 "moderate rebels" - who US officials privately concede "don't really exist". Naturally, it's all been nodded through by another coalition of the more-or-less willing to bypass the UN security council.
So a year after the US and its allies planned to bomb Bashar al-Assad's forces, they're now planning to bomb his enemies. David Cameron is preparing to ratchet up Britain's role in the campaign as soon as the Scottish referendum is out of the way - with the Australians and French chafing to join up too. There's even talk of setting up new UK military bases in Gulf states such as the UAE, Oman and Bahrain to bolster the war against Isis.
What has been launched by the US and its allies this week is in effect their third Iraq war in a generation. It follows the US-led war to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991 and the cataclysmic US-British invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003. Now Obama has launched yet another intervention to rid the country of the direct consequences of the last one.
It doesn't take a strategic mastermind to grasp that it is energy wealth that has made Iraq the object of such unparalleled military force. But the results haven't been disastrous in terms of carnage and destruction only.
Even in its own terms, western warmaking has failed. Bush and Blair's invasion demonstrated the limits, rather than the extent, of US power. Obama's war on Isis looks more like the Afghanistan war launched in 2001, supposedly to destroy al-Qaida and the Taliban. The result spread al-Qaida across the region and turned the Taliban into a guerrilla army of resistance.
Thirteen years later, the Taliban controls large parts of Afghanistan and most Nato troops are on their way out. Al-Qaida has been eclipsed by the even more extreme Isis, which mushroomed out of the western-sponsored destruction of the Iraqi and Syrian states. Something similar is happening in the chaos bequeathed by Nato intervention in Libya three years ago.
We're now witnessing a replay of the war on terror, more than a decade after it was demonstrated to fuel terrorism rather than fight it. Since 9/11 the US has launched 94,000 air strikes: most against Iraq and Afghanistan, but also Libya, Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia, killing hundreds of thousands of civilians in the process.
Obama refers approvingly to the drone and special-forces campaigns in Yemen and Somalia as a model for his new war in Iraq. But they haven't just killed large numbers of civilians. They have been a recruiting machine for al-Qaida and al-Shabab, and fanned civil war. And that's what's happening in Iraq, where US-backed attacks by government forces this month killed 31 civilians, including 24 children, in a school near Tikrit.
Right now Isis is a threat to Iraqis and Syrians and offers them no viable future. But as Obama has conceded, a group that's more interested in controlling territory as a fantasy caliphate than al-Qaida-style global jihad poses no direct threat to the US, or Britain for that matter. As a result of renewed intervention, however, it could become one.
The crisis in the Arab world doesn't just reflect the Shia-Sunni schism inflamed by the Iraq occupation, but the continuing western-backed rule of dictators in both the Gulf and north Africa, from Egypt to Saudi Arabia. Last year's bloody US-indulged coup against Egypt's elected Islamist president has paved the way for Isis-style violence.
The alternative to Obama's new Middle East war is concerted pressure for UN-backed agreement between the main regional powers, including Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia, to wind down the Syria conflict and back a genuine unity government in Iraq. An end to western support for the Egyptian dictatorship would also help.
Bombing will not destroy Isis, but win it sympathy - or even cause it to mutate into something worse. Only Iraqis and Syrians can defeat Isis. But the US remains determined to keep control of the Middle East, while being unable to find a stable way of doing it. So its response to every failure of intervention is more intervention. The US and its allies are at the heart of the problem in the Middle East, not the solution.
[Seumas Milne is a Guardian columnist and associate editor. He was the Guardian's comment editor from 2001 to 2007 after working for the paper as a general reporter and labour editor. He has reported for the Guardian from the Middle East, eastern Europe, Russia, south Asia and Latin America. He previously worked for the Economist and is the author of The Enemy Within and The Revenge of History and co-author of Beyond the Casino Economy. Twitter: @SeumasMilne ]
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